תאורית/פילוסופית אימונים חדשה

[zidan]

זה לא משהו סופי,זה מין תאוריה כזאת,הוא מעלה הרבה שאלות,ולא נותן כל כך תשובות לפי דעתי,זה לא דבר כל כך מהפכני,אפשר להגיד שזה עוד נקודה למחשבה בקשר לעקרונות האימון.

TC was taken aback and needed a week to think about it.
Tim Patterson called me when he heard about it.
Charles Staley was sworn to secrecy, 30,000 feet in the air.
Alwyn Cosgrove, in a rare moment, was speechless. Then he said, "It makes sense!"
And after a little time to think about it, they all agreed that I was on to something. A new training philosophy is taking shape and it's so intuitively simple that I'm amazed no one has figured it out. What am I referring to? Let me explain.

The High Intensity Myth
Look closely at virtually any training method purported to build bigger, stronger muscles and you'll see one common entity: all of those methods focus on training with a high intensity either right at the beginning or further into the plan.
Of course, some systems preach the importance of a high training intensity to failure right out of the gate with no relief in sight. Other training systems revolve around some sort of linear periodization where the initial phases of training incorporate a low intensity with high volume before merging into a high intensity with low volume. What I'm referring to by "intensity" is working to, or close to, muscular failure.
And I'll be the first to admit that I've done the same thing in the past, albeit slightly different. I usually advocate that each set should terminate approximately one rep short of failure. This keeps recovery in check by helping to manage fatigue. It made sense to me, and it still does, for a certain population of lifters.
Then I had an epiphany one day that really put high intensity training in perspective, especially with regard to approaching or inducing muscular failure. I had what alcoholics refer to as a moment of clarity. (The first person who tells me what movie that last line is from gets an autographed copy of my book.)
What's happening as we approach muscular failure? That's the first question that popped into my head. I mean, what's so damn special about training to failure or close to it? Is it really true that the last few reps of each set are the most beneficial part of the set?
That's what we've all been told, ad nauseam. In fact, we've been force-fed the "high intensity training to failure" concept since the inception of glossy, newsstand muscle magazines.
For example, if a training philosophy advocates that you should perform a set to failure with 75% of your 1 repetition maximum (RM), we've been told that the first 10 or so reps are merely preparing our muscles for the "real" gut-wrenching reps past 10 that induce muscle growth. Those last few reps when the speed slows to a snail's pace, when you're screaming in pain, is what really gives you bigger, stronger muscles, right?
But who's telling us this? Think about that for a second. And more importantly, why is it correct?
Being a neurophysiologist gives me a distinct advantage when it comes to training. I look at all actions from the angle of the nervous system. It makes sense, after all, given that the nervous system controls and/or regulates every other system in the body. So I'm perplexed why more people don't take the time to really study and understand the nervous system as it relates to transforming the body.
Where am I going with this? I'm here to tell you that everything you've been told about training with a high intensity to failure is wrong! This is especially true if your ultimate goal is to build bigger, stronger muscles. How can I make such a bold statement with such conviction? Because neuroscience research tells us it's wrong!

Neuroscience 101
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a whole lot of neurons (nerves) that control and regulate the human body. Walking, talking, memorization, seeing, hearing, and digestion are just a few of the actions controlled by the nervous system. It's been touted as "the last frontier of fitness" by many of the world's leading experts.
Why is the nervous system the last frontier? Because it's arguably the most complex and ambiguous system in the body. And, most importantly, the nervous system holds the key to the ultimate physique, from both performance and aesthetic standpoints.
Nevertheless, there are a few key pieces of neuroscience research that have been ignored like a redheaded stepchild. Or maybe the research has simply been swept under the proverbial rug? Or maybe no one has figured out how to apply the information to build bigger, stronger muscles?
When I finished my graduate studies in neuro-physiology, my mentor was anything but ecstatic when I told her I was going to apply my knowledge to bigger, stronger, faster bodies. In her mind, most people who spent as much time studying the nervous system as I have, take that information and apply it to more significant problems such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
That might be true, but disease control isn't where my passion lies (currently, anyway). And since I was awarded a scholarship to research the detrimental effects that Parkinson's evokes on strength and motor control, I guess it's kinda strange that I didn't follow a different path after I graduated.
Nevertheless, the research I had to do with regard to Parkinson's disease gives me a big advantage when it comes to understanding how the nervous system controls our muscles. In order to understand how a disease affects the nervous system, I had to develop a thorough understanding of how it works in the first place. For the purposes of this discussion, I'm going to talk specifically about the motor system: the part of the nervous system that controls movement and force.
Whenever you lift a barbell or dumbbell, a complex series of steps take place to recruit and coordinate the correct muscle fibers. Importantly, the muscle fibers are controlled by the nervous system with the help of motor and reflex neurons. The coalescence of the motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates form a motor unit.
To produce more force, the nervous system must recruit more motor units. Think of each motor unit as being a football player, and imagine your car is stuck in a ditch. The more football players you have to pull the car out, the easier the task will be.
The same is true with the nervous system: the more motor units recruited, the greater the force you'll be able to produce. So to lift the largest load or to lift any load as fast as possible, you must recruit as many motor units as possible.

Speed is the Omnipotent Ruler
This info is especially true when it comes to speed. Speed is positively correlated with force. To get the highest speed, you need the highest force. To get the highest force, you must recruit as many motor units as possible. There's absolutely no way you can lift a barbell faster by recruiting fewer motor units. Moreover, the faster a barbell is moving, the more motor units you're recruiting.
Therefore, it makes perfect sense to look at the speed of the movement when we think about motor unit recruitment. Don't misconstrue what I'm saying, though. I'm not saying the actual speed must be fast. It can't be fast if the load is heavy. What I'm talking about is the speed of the movement at the beginning of the set relative to the end of the set.
Now, let me ask you a question: During any set, which rep is the easiest? Of course, the answer is the first or second rep if the load is heavy. For example, if you're doing a squat with a 5RM, the first or second rep is easiest and the speed is fastest. Do you know why the third, fourth, and fifth reps are most difficult? Think about that.

The same is true with a lighter load. If you perform a set of bench press with a 15RM, the first 8-10 reps are all relatively fast and easy. From there, subsequent reps get harder and slower, right? This principle I'm referring to holds true for any training load from a 3RM to a 100RM: there's a point in any set when the speed of movement slows and the set becomes very difficult.
Make no mistake about it, speed is the omnipotent ruler. Indeed, the most reputable research has demonstrated time and time again that a faster tempo leads to the greatest hypertrophy and strength gains. And I'm not just talking about the concentric (shortening or lifting) phase of muscle contractions; I'm talking about both phases.
Yep, not only should the concentric phase be fast, but also the eccentric (lengthening or negative) phase of muscle contractions. So it's stupid to ignore that research. It's telling us something very important!

[zidan]

The Transcendental Size Principle Since the mid-twentieth century, two neuroscience gods, Dr. Denny-Brown and Dr. Henneman, have been vying for claim to one of the most important neuroscience principles ever uncovered: the Size Principle.
What the Size Principle tells us is that there's a fixed, orderly recruitment of motor units. The weakest and slowest motor units are recruited first in any task. It doesn't matter if you're picking up a pencil or squatting 1000 pounds, the smallest motor units are recruited first. The smallest motor units are also the slowest. As more force is required, larger motor units are recruited. The larger the motor unit, the stronger and faster it is.
The largest motor units, however, fatigue fastest. You can't recruit the largest motor units for long before they exhaust and drop out of the movement task. But not all loads require the same level of motor unit recruitment — that's important to understand.
In essence, the smallest motor units contract slowest while the largest motor units contract fastest. This fact is based on the physiological properties of the motor unit, along with the organization of the nervous system.

As a neurophysiologist I must mention, though, that the actual speed of contraction between a small, slow motor unit and a large, fast one really isn't the reason why you can lift a barbell faster when you recruit the largest motor units. The reason why you can lift a barbell faster when you recruit the largest motor units is because you're also recruiting all of the other motor units. This is an undisputed truth straight from the Size Principle.
It's perfectly logical, after all, that the largest and fastest motor units are most difficult to recruit. Think about the "fight or flight" response. When you're in the fight or flight mode it's easier to tap into the largest motor units. That makes sense given the fight or flight mode was, in ancient times, conducive to getting your head torn off by a raging beast. Such a situation requires you to high tail the hell out of a cave as fast as possible. As Charles Staley recently said to me, "The Size Principle makes you believe in God."
So the ultimate key to bigger, stronger muscles lies within a thorough understanding of how the nervous system controls and regulates motor unit recruitment.

Final Words
I want you to put on your thinking cap and really ponder what I've said. Did I create more questions than I answered? If so, I succeeded. There's a new training philosophy that's about to be uncovered, and don't forget, you heard it here first!
HOWEVER, I don't want to leave you hanging completely. Here's one practical tip I'd like to leave you with, followed by a question I'd like you to ponder. First, the practical tip:
Focus on how fast you can lift a load. Once the speed slows down, terminate the set.
Now the question (this is the key to the concept that will change everything):
If the last few reps of a high intensity set really do recruit extra muscle fibers, then why aren't the last few reps the easiest?

© 1998 — 2007 Testosterone, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

[megashape]

אני בספק אם מישהו יקרא את זה, הייתי שמח אם הייתה מסכם את הקטע בקצרה בעברית ואז אני אוכל להגיב, תודה בכל מקרה.

[idof111]

כנ"ל, האנגלית שלי לא ברמה גבוהה כל כך והרבה אני לא מבין ועוד קטע כל כך ארוך, בבקשה אם מישהו יכול לתרגם, לפחות בקצרה, זה נשמע מעניין..

[Hodaya*L*]

אם לא היו באים לי עכשיו אורחים הייתי קוראת ומתרגמת..

אני יכולה לקרוא מחר בבור ולתרגם את זה עד הצהריים..

זה ניראה מאוד מעניין! :]

[Amit]

אתה יכול לספר בקצרה במה הוא דוגל? חבל לי לקרוא משהו חצי שעה ובסוף לגלות שהוא טיפשי בעיניי

[Hodaya*L*]

קראתי בריפרוף..
בחלק הראשון הוא מספר על תיאוריה שהוא גילה בעצמו בהתחלה הוא מפרט על תאורית האימונים הקשים ומסביר כמה דברים..כל זה קשור בגדול לאימונים לבניית שרירים משהו שמאוד לא מעניין אותי אישית..

מבטיחה שאם לא יהיה פה מישהו אחר שיוכל לתרגם..אני אתרגם..

[zidan]

הוא מדבר הרבה על מערכת העצבים,גיוס יחידות מוטוריות וכו'.
הוא לא דוגל במשהו מסויים,הוא מדבר על משהו כללי,על עבודה מהירה.
אין פה איזה משהו מפוצץ,לא הכרחי לקרוא..
תיקראו תפיסקה האחרונה,אם זה מעניין תתחילו מהתחלה.

ואין פה מה לתרגם את הכל,זה לא איזה שיטת אימון,זה סתם תאוריות וכיווני מחשבה.

[Amit]

פורסם במקור על ידי Hodaya*L*

קראתי בריפרוף..
בחלק הראשון הוא מספר על תיאוריה שהוא גילה בעצמו בהתחלה הוא מפרט על תאורית האימונים הקשים ומסביר כמה דברים..כל זה קשור בגדול לאימונים לבניית שרירים משהו שמאוד לא מעניין אותי אישית..

מבטיחה שאם לא יהיה פה מישהו אחר שיוכל לתרגם..אני אתרגם..

חחחחח טוב שלא אמרת הוא רושם פה כל מיני מילים וזה..ו בעיקרון זה ידוע שהוא מדבר על זה השאלה מה הוא אומר בהקשר

[Amit]

פורסם במקור על ידי zidan

הוא מדבר הרבה על מערכת העצבים,גיוס יחידות מוטוריות וכו'.
הוא לא דוגל במשהו מסויים,הוא מדבר על משהו כללי,על עבודה מהירה.
אין פה איזה משהו מפוצץ,לא הכרחי לקרוא..
תיקראו תפיסקה האחרונה,אם זה מעניין תתחילו מהתחלה.

סבבה תודה

[Hodaya*L*]

פורסם במקור על ידי Amit

חחחחח טוב שלא אמרת הוא רושם פה כל מיני מילים וזה..ו בעיקרון זה ידוע שהוא מדבר על זה השאלה מה הוא אומר בהקשר

לא היה לי זמן לקרוא את ההמשך קראתי רק את הפיסקה הראשונה ואמרתי על מה זה בקצרה..

ושוב..הטקסט הזה לא ממש מעניין אותי..

[Amit]

פורסם במקור על ידי Hodaya*L*

לא היה לי זמן לקרוא את ההמשך קראתי רק את הפיסקה הראשונה ואמרתי על מה זה בקצרה..

ושוב..הטקסט הזה לא ממש מעניין אותי..

לא אמרתי.. אבל את מה שאמרת יכולנו ללמוד מהכותרת זה לא שמישהו פה חשב שזה על משהו שונה מאשר אימונים

[igorek]

חחחח פילוסופיית אימונים חדשה חחח
מה שהגאון הזה שכח זה שהשיטות האלה קיימות כבר משנות ה-70 והרבה אתלטים ברמה עולמית משתמשים באימוני מהירות (ראה westside barbell).

[zidan]

פורסם במקור על ידי igorek

:):):):) פילוסופיית אימונים חדשה חחח
מה שהגאון הזה שכח זה שהשיטות האלה קיימות כבר משנות ה-70 והרבה אתלטים ברמה עולמית משתמשים באימוני מהירות (ראה westside barbell).

חח וואלה..
בכל מקרה זה רק הקדמה,הוא הולך להוציא ספר בנושא הזה אני חושב.

[zidan]

הכותב הזה הוא תותח לא קטן בתחום לפי מה שקראתי עליו..
תיראו מה הוא רשם באיזה מאמר שלו,יש פה כאלה שיאהבו את זה. (במיוחד תמשפט האחרון)

I can't read most hypertrophy training articles because of health reasons — they make me sick. Never has there been a topic with more misinformation than muscle-building methods.
At least some strength-training articles seem to have a shred of scientific basis, but with bodybuilding articles, all common sense and science seems to go to the wayside. That's probably because more is understood about the nervous system than muscle soreness, or maybe it's because most of the writers who are only concerned about hypertrophy training are imbeciles who can't even build muscle on themselves. You be the judge.

[yonip]

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