לא שינו את הקריאטין. שמו שם סוכר ענבים , לא בכמות מספקת בשביל ליצור הבדל בספיגה של הקריאטין.
Factors affecting skeletal muscle creatine uptake
After creatine supplementation, some individuals experience a marked increase in muscle creatine concentrations (>30%), whereas others experience little or no change.[55] Several factors can explain this large intersubject variability, but initial muscle creatine content may be the most important determinant of muscle creatine uptake after supplementation. [55] For instance, subjects with lower muscle creatine concentrations have the largest increase in muscle creatine after supplementation, whereas subjects with higher muscle creatine concentrations have little or no increase in muscle creatine after supplementation ( Figure 1).
http://www.sciencedirect.com/cache/M...=dGLbVtz-zSkWz (4K)
Fig. 1.
Higher baseline muscle PCr concentrations are inversely related to the increase in muscle PCr after creatine supplementation (adapted from Rawson et al.[63 and 67]). PCr, phosphocreatine.
It has been known for many years that insulin enhances the transport of creatine from the circulation into the skeletal muscle of rats.[56 and 57] Supplement manufacturers exploited these early studies and marketed supplements that combined creatine and simple sugars based on the assumption that the simple sugars would produce a blood insulin spike that would subsequently increase muscle creatine uptake. Several subsequent studies addressed the influence of insulin on muscle creatine uptake in humans by measuring muscle and urine creatine during creatine supplementation with infused insulin, [58] carbohydrate ingestion, [59, 60 and 61] or combined protein and carbohydrate ingestion. [62]
Steenge et al.[58] demonstrated that insulin increases muscle creatine accumulation in humans when present at physiologically high or supraphysiologic concentrations. However, the use of insulin by athletes to increase muscle creatine uptake is impractical and dangerous. In two separate studies, Green et al. demonstrated reduced urine creatine losses [60] and increased muscle creatine accumulation [59] in subjects ingesting creatine concurrently with high-dose carbohydrate (≈ 90 g, four times/d). However, these doses of carbohydrate are impractical because of the caloric density (≈ 1400 kcal/d) and poor palatability. More recent studies have examined the effects of carbohydrate and protein combinations [62] and lower doses of carbohydrate [61] on muscle creatine uptake. For instance, Steenge et al. [62] reported that the ingestion of creatine with 50 g of protein and 50 g of carbohydrate results in similar muscle creatine increases as ingesting creatine with approximately 100 g of carbohydrate. Preen et al. [61] established that creatine supplementation combined with 1 g of glucose per kilogram of body mass twice per day increases muscle total creatine 9% more than creatine supplementation alone.
שים לב למספר דברים:
1. הגורם העיקרי שמשפיע על ספיגת הקריאטין הוא רווית הקריאטין בגוף מלכתחילה.
2. דרושות כמויות אדירות של פחמימות כדי להגיע לרמות האינסולין הדרושות על מנת שתהיה השפעה.
3. גם כאשר יש השפעה , היא קטנה - שיפור של 9% במקרה שלוקחים גרם גלוקוז פר קילוגרם גוף.
יש במחקר עוד פרטים , אני לא נכנס אליהם כי הם לא רלוונטיים ישירות לדיון שלנו.
מה עוד יש במוצר?
כרום - שהוכח כלא יעיל אצל בני אדם בריאים , רק אצל סכרתיים. יש באתר טענה בנוגע לכך שגלוטמין וטאורין משפרים את הספיגה ולכן הם כלולים ב"פורמולה" אבל לא ברור לי עד כמה זה משפיע , אני אבדוק את זה בכל אופן.